Higher Levels Of State Anxiety Research Articles

Fear of Cancer and State Anxiety Among Women Undergoing Hysterectomy

Background Fear of cancer may develop after surgery in women who underwent surgery for suspected malignancy in preoperative examinations. It is important from a psychosocial point of view that the fear of cancer and the factors affecting anxiety are determined and necessary interventions are made. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the level of state anxiety, fear of cancer, and influencing factors in women who had hysterectomies with a risk of cancer in the waiting period for the pathology result. Methods The research data were collected from 109 women who underwent hysterectomy while waiting for the pathology result on the third or fourth postoperative day. Patients completed the Personal Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I, and Cancer Worry Scale. Results Women who underwent hysterectomy with the risk of gynecological cancer had high levels of state anxiety and cancer fear after hysterectomy; type of hysterectomy significantly affected cancer fear (P = .022), and social support (P = .015), type of hysterectomy (P = .024), and family history of cancer (P = .022) significantly affected state anxiety. Conclusion The management of these women’s concerns can be improved if healthcare professionals know more about the factors affecting their state anxiety and fear. Implications for Practice Health professionals witness patients’ most private experiences and play a key role in providing care and support. This study may be foundational in the planning and implementation of nursing interventions to manage causes of anxiety and fear during this waiting period.

The change of state-trait anxiety among patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: A longitudinal study

This study aimed to assess state-trait anxiety level changes in Chinese patients with dentofacial discrepancies before and after orthognathic surgery and to explore the feasibility of developing a reference index for the preoperative screening of postoperative patients with high anxiety. A total of 96 Chinese patients with dentofacial discrepancies who underwent orthognathic surgery were included in this study. Data were collected before orthognathic surgery and at 2 weeks (T2), 3 months, and 6 months (T4) after surgery using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Receiver operating characteristic and linear regression analyses were performed to screen for preoperative indicators of postoperative high-state anxiety. State-trait anxiety levels in patients with dentofacial discrepancies decreased after surgery (F= 18.95, P<0.01; F= 6.90, P<0.01). Trait Anxiety Inventory can be used to screen patients with high-state anxiety from T2 to T4 (area under cover 95% confidence interval: T2, 0.74 [0.62-0.86]; 3 months, 0.79 [0.69-0.90]; T4, 0.77 [0.66-0.87], P<0.01), corresponding to cutoff values of 48.5, 46.5, and 45.5, respectively. All participants' state-trait anxiety levels improved after surgery compared with their preoperative levels. Preoperative trait anxiety levels can be used as a reference indicator to screen patients who may have high-state anxiety levels after orthognathic surgery. The creation of a screening scale will assist health care professionals to more pertinently help patients with high anxiety.

Colonoscopy and the psyche – pain and discomfort associations with affect and cognitive functions

Introduction: Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, however it causes considerable discomfort in patients. Their psychological functioning is sometimes not sufficiently taken into account by the medical staff, preoccupied with somatic conditions. The aim of this study was to reveal affective and cognitive aspects of how patients undergoing colonoscopy function in order to better understand periprocedural discomfort and pain and suggest interventions to reduce them. Material and methods: A total number of 101 patients, undergoing colonoscopy during their stay at the internal ward, were asked to participate in this prospective, observational study. Three measurements were made: the day before the examination, on the colonoscopy day (after bowel cleansing, before the procedure) and the following day. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, short version of The Illness Perceptions Questionnaire , as well as analog scales (measuring pain, sadness, anxiety, irritability, general discomfort and distress) were used. Ultimately, 50 people completed the study. Results: It has been shown that pain and discomfort on the colonoscopy day correlate positively with all measured aspects of negative affect. On the colonoscopy day 18% of the subjects revealed depressive symptoms matching a depressive episode, while 56.6% of the subjects displayed a high level of state anxiety. The worse the patient's understanding of the disease, the more periprocedural pain he/she experiences. Their cognitive functioning is worse on the colonoscopy day. Conclusions: The results suggest that it is advisable to educate patients early enough (not on the day of the procedure) about their ailments and planned colonoscopy. Keywords: psychiatry, colonoscopy, pain, emotions, cognitive function

Anxiety and sportsmanship in adolescent athletes: the multiple mediating effects of athlete burnout and exercise cognition

ABSTRACT Sportsmanship is a core characteristic of competitive sports. To determine the factors related to sportsmanship and explore effective strategies to maintain sportsmanship in adolescent athletes, the present study examined the relationship between anxiety and sportsmanship in adolescent athletes and evaluated the potential mediating roles of athlete burnout and exercise cognition. In this study, 1,544 adolescent athletes (852 boys and 692 girls) with an average age of 14.43 years (SD = 1.92) were enrolled. The analyses showed that there was a significant correlation between state anxiety, trait anxiety, athlete burnout, exercise cognition, and sportsmanship. Additionally, state and trait anxiety were associated with lower levels of sportsmanship, and athlete burnout and exercise cognition played multiple mediating roles in the relationship between anxiety and sportsmanship. These findings suggest that anxiety is a plausible explanation for sportsmanship. Adolescent athletes with high levels of trait or state anxiety are more likely to experience athlete burnout, have poorer levels of exercise cognition, and display less sportsmanship.

[Mental disorders, social and demographic characteristics of patients with chronic and episodic migraine].

To compare socio-demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics and comorbid mental disorders in patients with chronic migraine (CM) and episodic migraine (EM). Eighty patients with migraine (40 with CM (16 men and 24 women, mean age 33.5±6.1 years) and 40 with EM (9 men and 31 women, mean age 31.4±5.7 years) were examined. All patients were interviewed and tested with psychometric methods. Socio-demographic and clinical-psychological characteristics were determined in all patients. The psychiatrist assessed the mental status of patients and diagnosed comorbid mental disorders according to the ICD-10 criteria. Symptoms of depression, high levels of trait and state anxiety, and a tendency to emotional inadequacy of response were more common in CM patients than in EM patients (p<0.05). Mental disorders, predominantly of the anxiety-depressive spectrum, were more common in CM patients than EM patients (OR (95% CI)=2.54 (2.03 to 2.98, p<0.001). Seventy-five percent of CM patients had more than one psychiatric diagnosis, almost a quarter of CM patients had schizotypal disorder, which is significantly higher than in EM patients (OR (95% CI)=1.99; 1.03 to 2.42, p<0.001). There were more unmarried, single (without constant partner), unemployed, high-education patients in the CM group than in the EM group. The negative impact of headache on the daily activity of patients was significantly higher in the CM group than in the EM group (p<0.05). Mental disorders and psychological features (anxiety, depression symptoms, a tendency to emotional inadequacy of response) are more common in CM patients than in EM patients. The presence of these factors may contribute to the chronification of migraine.

FREQUENCY OF ANXIETY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND COMORBID DISEASES

Background. Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension. The comorbid presence anxiety disorders and arterial hypertension complicates medical treatment, may change the severity and/or progression of disease.&#x0D; Objective. To study the influence of comorbid diseases on the development of anxiety disorders in patients with hypertension in outpatient practice.&#x0D; Methods. This observational cohort study employed the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Spielberger anxiety scale) to assess symptoms of anxiety in several groups with hypertension. The study cohort included 360 patients with isolated hypertension, 172 patients with hypertension in combination with obesity and 72 patients with comorbid hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)&#x0D; Results. A high incidence of anxiety disorders was found in patients with hypertension 98.06% regardless of the presence of obesity 97.09% and type 2 diabetes 98.18%. The incidence and severity of trait anxiety in the examined patients was the lowest in the group of patients with hypertension in combination with obesity 59.65%, compared with patients with isolated hypertension 68.61% p =0.042045 and the group of hypertension in combination with type 2 diabetes 78.18% p=0.012662. According to the severity of the combination of hypertension with obesity, patients with a low 40.35% and an average 41.52% indicator of trait anxiety prevailed, in patients with hypertension in combination with type 2 diabetes, an average 52.73% and a high 25.45% level of anxiety were more often observed (p&lt;0.5).&#x0D; The presence of type 2 diabetes increases the frequency and severity of state anxiety in patients with hypertension. Thus, patients with hypertension in combination with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have a high (50.91%) level of state anxiety, while patients with isolated hypertension were more likely to have low (5.56%) and medium (70.35%) levels of anxiety disorders.

Stress and anxiety levels and factors affecting coping mechanisms in patients hospitalised with COVID-19

Introduction and objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess stress and anxiety levels during hospitalisation due to COVID-19 and the relationship between them and personality traits, and coping strategies among women and men, and assessment of stress predictors. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a reference single-name hospital in Warsaw. The Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the BRIEF-COPE Questionnaire, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-PL) were used. Results: The study involved 60 patients (30 women and 30 men) aged 24 to 82 years (M = 52.42, standard deviation, SD = 12.94). Elevated stress levels were found in half of the subjects studied; state anxiety levels were increased in 70% of the participants, and trait anxiety in 77% of them. Compared to men, women had significantly higher levels of state anxiety, and lower levels of openness to new experiences. It was shown that reducing stress levels during hospitalisation depends on the use of either an Active Coping strategy or an avoidance of the Helplessness strategy, with the level of state anxiety being the moderator in both models. Conclusions: Half of the patients hospitalised with COVID-19 did not experience elevated stress levels; women felt state anxiety more intensely as a condition during their hospital stay than men, and 40% of the subjects had an increased level of trait anxiety. For lower stress levels and/or state anxiety, adaptive coping strategies and personality traits were crucial: conscientiousness and agreeableness for women, and openness to experiences and agreeableness for men.

Anxiety in oncology outpatients is associated with perturbations in pathways identified in anxiety focused network pharmacology research

PurposeEvaluate for perturbed signaling pathways associated with subgroups of patients with low versus high levels of state anxiety. These pathways were compared to the pathways identified across eight network pharmacology studies of the anxiolytic effect(s) of a variety of compounds.MethodsAdult outpatients had a diagnosis of breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer; had received chemotherapy within the preceding four weeks; and were scheduled to receive at least two additional cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct anxiety profiles based on Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory scores that were obtained six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Blood samples were processed using RNA sequencing (i.e., RNA-seq sample, n = 244) and microarray (i.e., microarray sample; n = 256) technologies. Pathway perturbations were assessed using pathway impact analysis. Fisher’s combined probability method was used to combine test results using a false discovery rate of 0.01.ResultsIn the RNA-seq sample, 62.3% and 37.7% of the patients were in the low- and high-anxiety classes, respectively. In the microarray sample, 61.3% and 38.7% were in the low and high-anxiety classes, respectively. Forty-one perturbed signaling pathways were identified. Eight of these pathways were common to those identified in the network pharmacology studies.ConclusionsFindings increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underlie anxiety in patients receiving chemotherapy. This study provides initial insights into how anxiety in patients with cancer may share common mechanisms with anxiety in patients with other clinical conditions.

Female students’ personality and stress response to an academic examination

ABSTRACT Background: Women are vulnerable to stress-related disorders. Examinations are a source of stress, triggering emotional, cognitive, and hormonal responses. We examined women’s psychological and hormonal stress responses and academic performance according to personality during a real-life examination. Methods: Female students (N = 66) were divided into two groups based on hierarchical cluster analysis: one cluster characterized by high neuroticism and moderate extraversion (HN-ME; n = 42) and the other by low neuroticism and high extraversion (LN-HE; n = 24). Academic performance, perceived stress, and emotional dysregulation were analyzed. State anxiety, affect, and cortisol release were measured before and on the examination day. Results: The HN-ME cluster was high in perceived stress, emotional dysregulation, and negative affect. This cluster also had higher state anxiety levels two days before and shortly after the examination compared to the LN-HE cluster. Students’ cortisol levels were higher on the examination day, and there was a marginal significance of the Cluster factor in the cortisol release regardless of the day of measurement. Conclusions: Women with high neuroticism and moderate extraversion may be more vulnerable to psychological stress in academic settings but similar to other women in their cortisol response.

Changes in State and Trait Anxiety Throughout Concussion Recovery in High School and College-Aged Individuals.

Research indicates that individuals may experience anxiety symptoms following concussion. A potential mechanism for these presentations are shifts in anxiety throughout recovery. To examine state and trait anxiety in individuals following concussion throughout recovery compared to healthy matched controls. Prospective cohort study. University laboratory setting. 78 high school and college-aged individuals (concussion: n=39, age=18.4 ± 2.3 years; healthy matched controls: n=39, age=18.4 ± 2.3 years) were enrolled. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered within 72 hours of injury (day 0: first test session), 5 days (±1day) from first test session (Day 5), and at the time of full medical clearance (FMC) (+2 days). Separate 2 × 3 repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to investigate differences in state and trait anxiety for each group throughout recovery. State and trait anxiety were significantly higher in the concussion group compared to healthy matched controls at day 0, day 5, and FMC. For state anxiety, there was a significant group × time interaction (F(2, 150) = 10.45, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.12). For trait anxiety, there was no significant interaction (F(1.74, 150) = 1.5, p = 0.22, ηp2 = 0.02), but significant main effects for time (F(1.74, 150) = 25.7, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.3) and group (F(1, 75) = 7.23, p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.09). Participants with concussion experienced significantly higher levels of state anxiety throughout recovery compared to healthy matched controls. While trait anxiety was higher in concussions and decreased over time, an interaction was not found. This demonstrates that concussion may not impact this aspect of personality. Post-injury anxiety may be a result of increased state anxiety, and clinicians should screen for and manage these symptoms throughout recovery.

Psychological Reactions during and after a Lockdown: Self-Efficacy as a Protective Factor of Mental Health.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of home confinement/social isolation (i.e., lockdown), imposed to reduce large-scale spread of a disease in the population, on the mental health of individuals. Through an online survey during the lockdown (DL) related to COVID-19 (1085 respondents, 627 females, agerange: 18-82) (Italy, 23 April-2 May 2020), we revealed that situational factors, i.e., the presence of children at home and female gender, and psychological factors, i.e., a greater sense of isolation, lower perception of safety outside the home and higher trait anxiety, predicted higher levels of state anxiety (R2 = 0.58). The same factors, but with young age instead of the presence of children, predicted higher levels of perceived stress (R2 = 0.63). Then, these data were compared with those collected after the lockdown (AL) (174 respondents, 128 females, agerange: 19-78) (Italy, 1 July-31 October 2021). The results showed that along with a reduced sense of isolation (DL = 2.90 vs. AL = 2.10) and an increased perception of safety outside the home (DL = 2.63 vs. AL = 3.05), a reduction in state anxiety (DL = 45.76 vs. AL= 40.88) and stress appeared (DL = 18.84 vs. AL = 17.63). However, the situation was better for men than for women. Perceived self-efficacy emerged as a protective factor for mental health (R2range: 0.03-0.27). The results are discussed in light of the evidence on the effects of lockdown on individuals worldwide. These results may be used to make more educated decisions on targeted help for individuals who may be most adversely affected by the adoption of lockdowns in the future.

Evaluation of Anxiety in Turkish Parents of Newborns with Cleft Palate with or Without Cleft Lip.

(1) To compare anxiety between parents of newborns with cleft lip and palate (CLP), isolated cleft palate (CP), and healthy newborns and (2) to evaluate anxiety between parental dyads within these groups. A cross-sectional study. University Hospital. Surveys were completed by 20 mothers and 20 fathers of newborns with CLP, 21 mothers and 21 fathers of newborns with CP, and 23 mothers and 23 fathers of healthy newborns (controls). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) assessed parental anxiety. Mothers of newborns with a cleft reported on concerns regarding cleft-related issues and facial appearance. State and trait anxiety were generally in the moderate range for parents of newborns with a cleft, while control parents had low state anxiety and moderate trait anxiety. Mothers of newborns with CP and CLP had significantly higher state and trait anxiety levels than control mothers (p < .05). Fathers of newborns with CLP had a higher state anxiety level than control fathers. When maternal and paternal anxiety was compared within the groups, only trait anxiety scores were significantly higher in mothers of newborns with CLP than that of fathers (p < .05). More than half of mothers of newborns with a cleft were concerned about their newborn's feeding, speech, and palate. Parents of children with a cleft may need psychological support in the early postnatal period. It is important for neonatal cleft team providers to help reduce parental anxiety and educate families about cleft care, with a focus on feeding.

Investigation of Anxiety and Health Locus of Control in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis is the most frequent treatment modality for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). However, a number of limitations and modifications accompany this treatment, affecting people's physical and psychological well-being and increasing anxiety symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of anxiety and health locus of control among dialysis patients. One hundred and five patients on hemodialysis treatment completed a questionnaire with demographic characteristics, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Multidisciplinary Health Locus of Control Scale. Women had significantly higher levels of state anxiety than men (p=0.019). Similarly, patients with primary school education had significantly higher trait and total anxiety levels than those with technological education (p=0.002 and p=0.033, respectively). Widowed patients exhibited significantly higher state, trait, and total anxiety levels than married (p=0.032, p=0.012, and p=0.012, respectively). Participants who did not do any kind of exercise had significantly higher level of state, trait, and total anxiety than those who did (p=0.011, p=0.015, and p=0.006, respectively). Respondents who did not have any self-care skills had significantly higher level of state, trait, and total anxiety than those who had (p=0.011, p=0.015, and p=0.006, respectively). State, trait, and total anxiety levels were significantly (p≤0.05) correlated negatively with internal locus of control and positively with "chance" locus of control scale. Hemodialysis patients had increased anxiety symptoms and believed that others had control over their health to a greater extent. Renal professionals need to apply effective interventions to dialysis patients in order to help them gain a better sense of control over their health and reduce anxiety symptoms.

Особенности психологического статуса матерей недоношенных и доношенных детей

Aim: To evaluate the psychological peculiarities of mothers of preterm and term birth infants, and their attitude to breastfeeding before and after childbirth. Design: Observational study. Materials and methods. The subjects of the research were a pregnant woman at 12-week gestation randomly selected from 5 maternity hospitals in Yerevan. 268 pregnant women were eligible for inclusion in this observational study and created a total group. After birth, mothers were divided into groups of full-term (n = 239) and premature (n = 29) babies. We analysed baseline demographics, health information of the mother, history of pregnancy and delivery, as well as health information of babies. We assessed the presence of depressive symptoms with a Beck Depression Inventory and situational and individual anxiety levels with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results. Assessment of the psychological status demonstrated a high level of state anxiety: 26.7 ± 1.4 and 45.8 ± 1.5 points in mothers of full-term and premature babies, respectively; in mothers of premature babies, the value was significantly higher (р &lt; 0.05). Personal anxiety was relatively inert, there were no significant differences between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). Depressive symptoms were also more pronounced in preterm mothers (moderate depression) than in term birth mothers (mild mood disturbance): 22.5 ± 0.8 points vs. 11.4 ± 0.9 points (p &lt; 0.01). The majority of women (68.3%) who had preterm delivery had a high level of state anxiety (р &lt; 0.01 vs. mothers of full-term babies). Women who were ready to breastfeed longer after the baby is born had more marked signs of depression. In mothers full-term and premature babies, the attitude to breastfeeding before delivery demonstrated direct correlation with the level of depression on Beck depression inventory (r = 0.75, p = 0.02 and r = 0.68, p &lt; 0.01, respectively). The degree of state anxiety in mothers of premature babies correlated with hospitalisation duration (r = 0.9, p = 0.008). Conclusions. Mothers of preterm infants need psychological care based on high level of situational anxiety and depressive symptoms. Breastfeeding is a good biological tool for improved interaction of the mother with her baby; it boosts psychological comfort and reduces anxiety and depression. Keywords: preterm birth, anxiety, depression, mother-infant interaction.

Prevalence of State Trait Anxiety and Binge Eating Disorder in Overweight Individuals: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Overweight is a growing public health global epidemic that affects over 600 million people worldwideand leads to the development of multiple metabolic, mechanical, and mental health disorders associated withfatality. Binge eating disorder (BED) is a kind of eating entity associated with excessive weight. Nearly, 80%of those with BED have higher risk of psychopathology, including mood, anxiety, and sleep problems. Anxietyhas repeatedly been associated with overweight and eating disorders. So, the aim of this study was to find theprevalence rate of state trait anxiety and binge eating disorder in overweight individuals.Method: A self-administered questionnaire was prepared which consisted of survey related questions from StateTrait Anxiety Inventory and Binge Eating Scale. Total 51 individuals were selected on the basis of selection criteriaand the questionnaire was distributed amongst them. Data analysis using scientific calculation showed that therewas high prevalence rate of high level of state anxiety, moderate level of trait anxiety with moderate level of bingeeating in overweight individuals.Conclusion: The study supported the alternative hypothesis and indicated that there was

Psychological impact after treatment in patients with head and neck cancer.

Cancer is the second cause of death all over the world and it causes considerable morbidity, disability, and treatment sequela, which often lead to post-treatment pain and disfigurement. This study aims to evaluate such physical sequelae, and their psychological, (cognitive and emotional), impact, in a cohort of patients treated for Head and Neck (HNC) cancer, in search for methods to help such patients deal effectively with the psychological effects of their cancer treatments adverse consequences. The sample consists of 56 subjects, 47 men and 9 women, ranging from 47 years to 86 years of age, who were treated for head and neck cancers at Spanish Public General Hospital in the Otolaryngology Unit, Surgery Section. Two types of questionnaires were used in the study: the Questionnaire of Sequelae after Treatment of head and neck carcinoma and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-E and R). With respect to anxiety, the study found high levels of state anxiety which was significantly associated with the degree of perception of social stigma but was not associated with the post-treatment sequelae themselves nor with the level of discomfort that such symptomatic sequelae produced. The presence of a post-surgical stoma with cannula, increased patient's stigma (both components: external rejection and self-rejection) and state anxiety ratings, while there was no difference in state anxiety between cannulated and non-cannulated patients. There are few differences between men and women in terms of the presence of anxiety and their responses are similar in terms of the after-effects of surgery. Our study confirmed that current treatments for Head and Neck carcinoma generate adverse symptomatic sequela that impose significant psychological and physical burden for these patients. We will discuss the various pathways for preventive intervention that these findings open up.

Chemosensation in anxiety: the trigeminal system matters.

The presence of a perceptual bias due to anxiety is well demonstrated in cognitive and sensory task for the visual and auditory modality. Event-related potentials, by their specific measurement of neural processes, have strongly contributed to this evidence. There is still no consensus as to whether such a bias exists in the chemical senses; chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERPs) are an excellent tool to clarify the heterogeneous results, especially since the Late Positive Component (LPC) may be an indicator of emotional involvement after chemosensory stimulation. This research examined the association between state and trait anxiety and the amplitude and latency of pure olfactory and mixed olfactory-trigeminal LPC. In this study, 20 healthy participants (11 women) with a mean age of 24.6 years (SD = 2.6) completed a validated questionnaire to measure anxiety (STAI), and CSERP was recorded during 40 pure olfactory stimulations (phenyl ethanol) and 40 mixed olfactory-trigeminal stimulations (eucalyptol). LPC latency and amplitude were measured at Cz (electrode located at midline central) for each participant. We observed a significant negative correlation between LPC latencies and the state anxiety scores for the mixed olfactory-trigeminal condition (r(18) = -0.513; P = 0.021), but not for the pure olfactory condition. We did not observe any effect on LPC amplitudes. This study suggests that a higher level of state anxiety is related to a more rapid perceptual electrophysiological response for mixed olfactory-trigeminal stimuli but not for pure odors.

Examining trainees' success in Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training (BOSIET) on the basis of their anxiety levels.

A descriptive study was designed to determine the relationship between the anxiety levels of offshore workers participating in the Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training (BOSIET) and their success in the training and to examine the potential factors affecting anxiety. The trainees' state-anxiety values were determined using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form TX-1 before and after each exercise, and trait-anxiety values were determined using TX-2 after all exercises had been completed. Among 276 trainees, female (n = 17), non-swimmers (n = 22) and younger trainees (median age: 35 [32-41]) had higher state-anxiety levels. The most anxiety-provoking and the most unsuccessful parts of the training were helicopter escape, the use of Compressed Air Emergency Breathing System (CA-EBS), and sea survival, respectively. After the CA-EBS exercise, where failure was seen for the first time, the anxiety level of those who failed increased. The post-exercise state-anxiety scores of the unsuccessful ones were higher than those of the successful ones.

Psychological factors in adherence to COVID-19 public health restrictions in Italy: A path model testing depressed mood, anxiety, and co-rumination via cellphone.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the success of major non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as quarantine orders, has depended upon robust rates of citizens' adherence to protocols. Thus, it is critical to public health for research to illuminate factors that affect compliance with contagion-mitigating practices. Previous research has examined sociodemographic factors and aspects of psychological distress as correlates of adherence to public health guidelines. The current study expanded this research to investigate the psychosocial process of co-rumination, which has been identified in previous research as a maladaptive type of social interaction that is associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Data were collected from 932 Italian adults during the initial stages of the highly stressful COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. A path model was tested to examine multivariate relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms of psychological distress (i.e., depression and anxiety), co-rumination via cellphone, and self-reported adherence to COVID-19-related public health restrictions. Results revealed that higher rates of co-rumination via cellphone were associated with lower levels of adherence to public health restrictions. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were differentially related to co-rumination processes and adherence to public health restrictions. Higher levels of depression symptoms were directly associated with poorer adherence to public health restrictions, and this path was mediated through higher levels of co-rumination via cellphone. On the contrary, higher levels of state anxiety were directly associated with greater adherence to public health guidelines. This path was also mediated through co-rumination via cellphone. Higher levels of anxiety were correlated with lower levels of co-rumination, which in turn were correlated with lower levels of adherence. These results suggest fruitful directions for future research examining co-rumination as a maladaptive coping behavior that may be addressed within public health interventions.

Management of pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum in patients of advanced maternal age with pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive technologies

The objective: to reduce the frequency of obstetrical and perinatal complications in women of late reproductive age, whose pregnancy occurred with the help of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).Materials and methods. 150 nulliparous women of late reproductive age with a singleton pregnancy and fetal head presentation without severe somatic and gynecological pathology and fetal malformations, were examined. All patients were randomly divided into three groups: the main group (50 pregnant women after the ART program (n1), who received the developed algorithm – diagnosis, prevention and therapy of gestational anemia, diagnosis and prevention of intranatal complications, prevention of prolonged pregnancy, prevention of hemorrhagic complications, screening, prevention and therapy of perinatal psychological disorders; comparison group (50 patients with ART pregnancy, n2), and control group (50 patients with spontaneous pregnancy, n3). Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in the patients of the comparison group and the control group were conducted in accordance with the orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. All women had a complete clinical and laboratory examination during pregnancy, childbirth and in the postpartum period, as well as a study of the level of anxiety, sleep quality, and assessment of the development of postpartum depression. Results. During the pregnancy course the percentage of patients with gestational anemia significantly decreased in the main group and was 2.0% versus 30.0% in the comparison group and 18.0% in the control group (р1.2;р1.3&lt;0.05). In the postpartum period, the rate of anemia was also significantly lower in the main group than in the comparison and control groups.26% of patients in the comparison group and 14% – in the control group had labor induction in the term of 40–41 weeks, in the same gestational term 20% of patients in the main group were delivered by the plan caesarean section because of the absence of spontaneous onset of regular labor activity. There was no significant difference in the frequency of normal delivery and cesarean section between the main and comparison groups, but the extensive frequency of urgent cesarean section was significantly lower in the main group and it was 52% versus 83.3% in the comparison group and 86.7% – in the control group (р1.2;р1.3&lt;0.05). The mean volume of blood loss in the main group was significantly less than in the comparison group – 300.0 (250.0; 642.5) ml versus 690.0 (300.0; 800.0) ml (р1.2&lt;0.001) and did not significantly differ from this indicator in the control group - 300.0 (250.0; 600.0) ml. Mean volumes of blood loss separately during vaginal delivery and caesarean section in the main group were also significantly lower than in the comparison group, and were 250.0 (200.0; 280.0) ml versus 300.0 (255.0; 350.0) ml (р1.2=0.004) and 650.0 (610.0; 740.0) ml versus 750.0 (700.0; 800.0) ml (р1.2=0.01), respectively . As pregnancy progressed, the patients in the comparison and control groups were more prone to high anxiety and sleep disturbances. For the patients of the comparison group, in contrast to the women of the main group, there was a significant increase in the time required to fall asleep, the frequency of awakenings during the night, women more often needed to use sleeping pills and complained of excessive sleepiness during the day and, accordingly, had significantly lower indicators of subjective evaluation sleep quality. At 35–37 weeks of pregnancy, the rate of patients with high levels of state and trait anxiety was significantly lower in the main group than in the comparison group (28.0% vs. 66.0% and 14.0% vs. 52.0% , respectively; p1,2&lt;0.05). Immediately after delivery, levels of both state and trait anxiety decreased slightly in all study groups, but the validity of the differences remained constant. The frequency of patients with a moderate risk of the postnatal depression development was 16% in the main group, 36% – in the comparison group (p1.2&lt;0.05) and 20% – the control one. In 6-8 weeks after childbirth, on the background of gaining the necessary experience, there is a moderate improvement in the quality of sleep and a significant decrease in anxiety levels in all groups. The rate of patients with a moderate risk of depression development in this term remained lower in the main group than in the comparison group (12% vs. 38% ; p1.2&lt;0.05), in the control group this indicator was 18% . Conclusions. The study proved the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of the treatment and diagnostic algorithm for prevention the obstetrical and perinatal complications in patients in late reproductive age who became pregnant after the use of ART.